Introduction
Nursing is one of the most respected and in-demand professions in the United States. With an aging population, chronic disease prevalence, and a healthcare system that continually evolves, the demand for nurses has never been higher. The U.S. Bureau of Labour Statistics projects over 195,000 nursing job openings per year through 2031. This demand creates substantial opportunities for both local and international candidates.
If you're considering a nursing career in the U.S., this comprehensive guide breaks down everything you need to know—from eligibility and licensing to job search platforms, common mistakes to avoid, and much more.
Why the US Is a Top Destination for Nurses
The U.S. offers competitive salaries, access to cutting-edge healthcare technology, robust legal protections, and career growth opportunities. Additionally, the country recognizes various specializations like ICU nursing, pediatric nursing, psychiatric nursing, and more.
Key benefits of working as a nurse in the U.S. include:
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High earning potential (Registered Nurses earn an average of $89,000/year)
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Pathway to permanent residency (Green Card) for foreign-trained nurses
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Strong labor unions in many states offering job security
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Opportunities in both public and private sectors
Eligibility Criteria for Nursing Jobs in the US
For U.S.-Trained Nurses
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Associate’s or Bachelor’s degree in Nursing (ADN or BSN)
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Pass the NCLEX-RN exam
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State licensure from a U.S. Board of Nursing
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Clean background and drug test clearance
For Internationally-Trained Nurses
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Nursing degree equivalent to U.S. standards
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Pass the CGFNS (Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nursing Schools) exam (sometimes optional)
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Pass the NCLEX-RN
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VisaScreen certificate
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Sponsorship via H-1B, TN, or EB-3 visa
Step-by-Step Guide to Becoming a Nurse in the US
Step 1: Educational Assessment
Have your credentials evaluated by organizations like CGFNS to verify your foreign degree matches U.S. standards.
Step 2: English Language Proficiency
Pass either:
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TOEFL iBT (minimum 83)
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IELTS Academic (overall 6.5, no section below 6.0)
(Required for most foreign-trained nurses)
Step 3: Credential Review & VisaScreen
Apply for a VisaScreen Certificate through the CGFNS. This certificate is required for immigration purposes and employment authorization.
Step 4: Apply to State Board of Nursing
Every U.S. state has its own Board of Nursing. Apply for licensure and follow the board's instructions for international candidates.
Step 5: Take the NCLEX-RN Exam
Register with Pearson VUE, pay the $200 fee, and take the exam. This is mandatory for all RNs in the U.S.
Step 6: Secure Sponsorship
You will need a U.S. employer (hospital, clinic, nursing home) to sponsor your work visa or Green Card.
Step 7: Apply for Visa
Based on your qualifications and sponsorship, apply for:
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H-1B (specialty occupation)
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TN Visa (for Canadian or Mexican citizens)
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EB-3 Visa (for immigrant workers, including nurses)
Step 8: Relocate and Begin Work
Once visa approval is secured, move to the U.S. and begin employment. Your employer often assists with relocation, housing, and onboarding.
Job Search Websites for Nurses in the US
Here are top platforms to find verified nursing job opportunities:
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TravelNursing.org (for travel nurse opportunities)
Types of Nursing Roles Available in the US
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Registered Nurse (RN)
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Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN)
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Nurse Practitioner (NP)
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Certified Nurse Midwife
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Pediatric Nurse
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Psychiatric Nurse
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Operating Room Nurse
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Travel Nurse
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Home Health Nurse
Each of these roles may require different licensure or certifications, but all offer room for career development and salary growth.
Average Salaries for Nurses in the US
| Nursing Role | Average Annual Salary |
|---|---|
| Registered Nurse (RN) | $89,000 |
| Nurse Practitioner (NP) | $121,000 |
| LPN/LVN | $56,000 |
| Travel Nurse | $95,000 - $120,000 |
| Home Health Nurse | $78,000 |
Salaries vary by location, experience, specialization, and type of employer (hospital, private clinic, etc.).
Visa Options for Foreign Nurses
EB-3 Visa (Skilled Worker Category)
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Most common immigration path for foreign nurses
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Offers Green Card eligibility
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Requires employer sponsorship and labor certification
H-1B Visa
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Less common due to degree requirements (usually for advanced practice roles like NPs)
TN Visa
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Exclusive to Canadian and Mexican citizens under the USMCA agreement
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Renewable and quick to process
Common Mistakes to Avoid When Applying For Job
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Skipping English language tests
Even fluent speakers must provide test scores for immigration or certification. -
Applying for the wrong state board
Licensure rules vary by state—do your research before submitting documents. -
Failing to verify credentials properly
Not using CGFNS or another recognized authority may lead to rejection. -
Accepting offers without sponsorship clarity
Some employers may offer roles without proper immigration support. Ensure everything is clear in writing. -
Rushing NCLEX registration
Many candidates fail because they don’t study adequately. Take prep courses if needed.
Benefits of Being a Nurse in the US
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Strong career advancement pathways
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Work-life balance opportunities in various settings (e.g., hospitals, home care, clinics)
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Access to continuing education
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Employer-covered health insurance and retirement plans
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Option to bring family on dependent visas
Challenges Foreign Nurses May Face
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Cultural differences in patient care
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Adjusting to electronic health records and U.S. technology
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Licensing delays or bureaucratic red tape
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State-specific regulations that may differ drastically
Being prepared for these challenges can make the transition smoother and more rewarding.
Conclusion
Nursing in the United States offers a wealth of opportunities for both U.S.-trained and internationally-trained professionals. Whether you're pursuing permanent residency or a temporary assignment, the field is rich in rewards—financially and emotionally.
With a well-structured plan, proper licensing, and careful employer selection, you can launch a fulfilling nursing career in one of the world’s most advanced healthcare systems.
FAQs
1. Can foreign nurses work in the US without NCLEX?
No. All registered nurses must pass the NCLEX-RN exam to be licensed in the U.S., regardless of country of origin.
2. How long does it take to process a nursing job visa to the US?
It depends on the visa category. EB-3 processing can take 1–2 years, while TN visas can be processed in weeks for eligible applicants.
3. Is CGFNS mandatory for all international nurses?
Not always. Some states may waive it, but it is highly recommended and often required for VisaScreen.
4. Can nurses bring their families to the US?
Yes. Spouses and children can apply for dependent visas, and in the case of EB-3, they may also obtain permanent residency.
5. Are there age limits for becoming a nurse in the US?
No. There are no age restrictions for becoming a licensed nurse, though visa eligibility may be affected by other factors.
